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Why is there a progress bar when my Mac is starting up?

Update: As several of our commenters pointed out, the OS is probably running the fsck utility in the background to repair directory problems, while showing the progress bar to the end user so they know there's something going on (fsck can take quite a while). Here's an older Apple support article that explains the disk repair process very well. We will update you if we find a support article with more information.

Here's a story for anyone who's come across an unusual progress bar during boot and my best guess at what it really is. The moral of my story: backup frequently and try not to turn off your Mac while it is starting up.

Five days ago, I was prepping my late 2008 MacBook Pro for resale when I encountered the ever-spinning gear at boot. Ridiculously enough, I hadn't kept up any of my backups in a month and I hard powered off the machine while it was booting because I forgot to select the boot drive (yes -- I'm a technician and I did something dumb -- I know). Many thoughts went through my head: I've lost the last month's worth of work, I have to waste hours trying to recover data from my drive, why did this have to happen while I was trying to back it up? It goes to show that it can happen to anyone at any time and that the only real solution is to keep a current backup (if not several) of all your information.

Now for a quick word on backups. I usually keep a continuous Time Machine backup of everything and clone my internal drive every couple weeks. The cloned drive is kept in a fireproof safe here in my house. Also, as much as I love Time Machine, in my profession, I've seen several instances where Time Machine backups don't restore properly. I always suggest having a manual clone as a backup to your backup.
So, I didn't have a good backup, my clone was old and now my computer wouldn't boot into the operating system -- it just hung at the spinning gear. As any technician would, I booted to my diagnostic drive and tried to repair the disk with Disk Utility. Repair failed! After being told that Disk Utility couldn't fix my drive and that I would have to restore my computer from a backup, I was pretty frustrated. I restarted the machine and went to get a drink. 5 minutes later, I'm back to the computer and I see a progress bar at the bottom of the screen. It took 20 minutes, but after it was done, the machine loaded back to my desktop and life was good again. Impressive.

Until the introduction of Snow Leopard, I would have ran Disk Warrior or "archive and install" the operating system in hopes to fix the software issue, but this automated solution was relatively painless and built into the OS. I began looking for an explanation of what it's doing during that progress bar, but didn't find much. What I read were incorrect guesses about firmware. While firmware updates use a similar progress bar, my situation had nothing to do with firmware but software corruption that it appeared to fix on its own. TUAW's Joachim Bean noticed this support article show up on Apple's website today but it's still very vague on details. In fact, it just tells you what it is and why it appears, but not what it's doing. Obviously something is fixing the software corruption I caused by killing the machine mid-boot. Why can this startup procedure fix it when Disk Utility's repair disk function could not?

So, what can my experience pass on to the Mac newbies in the audience? Don't turn off your computer mid-boot and never skimp on your backup. If you find yourself in a situation where the progress bar shows up during boot, stay the course and let it finish. In the support article, it says it's possible that you may encounter this every time you boot -- in that instance, you probably have a hardware issue. If it only appears once, don't fret but instead make sure you have a good backup in case something goes awry. When in doubt, consult with your local Genius Bar or Apple Authorized Service Provider.

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Update: As several of our commenters pointed out, the OS is probably running the fsck utility in the background to repair directory...
 

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iBobX

That happened to me some times when I got any kind of firmware update...

December 18 2009 at 4:08 PM Report abuse rate up rate down Reply
Tebus

Hey guys,

This screen your seeing is new with Snow Leopard. Before in 10.5 and previous, when going into safe boot the OS would just show the spinning gear, but with Snow Leopard they introduced this new progress bar. Some users were correct in mentioning that it is doing an fsck check in the background, but several other things are also going on. I used to work @ AppleCare and can tell you a lot of behind the scene things are removed, generally temporary cache files etc. If you want the full background processes this excert from apple's support page (http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1564) should explain things pretty well:

Starting up into Safe Mode does several things:

- It forces a directory check of the startup volume.
- It loads only required kernel extensions (some of the items in /System/Library/Extensions).
- In Mac OS X 10.3.9 or earlier, Safe Mode runs only Apple-installed startup items (such items may be installed either in /Library/StartupItems or in /System/Library/StartupItems; these are different than user-selected account login items).
- It disables all fonts other than those in /System/Library/Fonts (Mac OS X 10.4 or later).
- It moves to the Trash all font caches normally stored in /Library/Caches/com.apple.ATS/(uid)/ , where (uid) is a user ID number such as 501 (Mac OS X 10.4 or later).
- It disables all startup items and login items (Mac OS X 10.4 or later).
- Mac OS X 10.5.6 or later: A Safe Boot deletes the dynamic loader shared cache at (/var/db/dyld/). A cache with issues may cause a blue screen on startup, particularly after a Software Update. Restarting normally recreates this cache.

Taken together, these changes can help resolve software or directory issues that may exist on the startup volume.

December 17 2009 at 3:40 PM Report abuse rate up rate down Reply
Newton

Its most likely the EFI update that was just released for the MacBook Pros. I used to work at Apple as a Mac Genius, and usually the progress bar is for when you are updating the EFI which is essentially the framework that the operating system is built.

December 17 2009 at 2:14 PM Report abuse rate up rate down Reply
charles

Josh,

For cloning your drive, is there an app you recommend? I do a time machine backup once a week but also drag and drop a lot of my important files to a couple of my backup drives. Was wondering what you used for that?

Thanks!
c

December 17 2009 at 12:41 PM Report abuse rate up rate down Reply
2 replies to charles's comment
SIP

Carbon Copy Cloner (my personal choice)
SuperDuper
CloneX
....

Visit versiontracker.com or macupdate.com and search for "clone"

December 17 2009 at 1:35 PM Report abuse rate up rate down Reply
Josh Carr

Those are some good suggestions. I use SuperDuper! - emphasis theirs.

December 17 2009 at 1:38 PM Report abuse rate up rate down Reply
twistedarts

Josh,
while your article is a nice attempt to help some people experiencing the prog bar ish, you would have better served them by offering a more constructive troubleshooting methodology as has been mentioned already. I do not know how long you have been using/servicing macs, but apparently not long enough i'm sorry to say.

The best advice to give noob's would be Not to come here for help.
www.macosxhints.com would be a better place...

sorry, truth hurts.

December 17 2009 at 10:41 AM Report abuse rate up rate down Reply
Ryan

Nice job using LOLs as punctuation, KiYi. Taking a look at your comment history, I count about 9 negative insulting comments for every 1 positive one.

Keep on being awesome.

December 17 2009 at 9:57 AM Report abuse rate up rate down Reply
matthew

This happened to my GF's Macbook last week, Disk Utility was of no use, and the progress bar was there at every boot-up. Wifi was non-functional and every time I changed to a static IP or deleted and created a new location it would revert right back after Applying. I ended up backing up data and doing a fresh install of SL...works flawless now.

December 17 2009 at 8:45 AM Report abuse rate up rate down Reply
SIP

I don't know how long Josh Carr has been using Macs, and it doesn't interest me either. What does matter is the low standard of some of the responses, especially as Josh says:

So, what can my experience pass on to the Mac newbies in the audience? Don't turn off your computer mid-boot and never skimp on your backup.

He isn't writing for the more experienced user here, he's speaking "TO THE MAC NEWBIES".

What would be useful is if people who already know about this make some constructive contribution to help out any newbies lurking here.

Given the rising number of rude and downright insulting comments, I wouldn't be too surprised if TUAW started moderating posts...

Freedom of speech is not about insulting or swearing at others.

December 17 2009 at 7:47 AM Report abuse rate up rate down Reply
7 replies to SIP's comment
enostrum

Pressing SHIFT while booting does the same thing manually

December 17 2009 at 7:25 AM Report abuse rate up rate down Reply
Kent Mills

I had this happen to me about a month ago. My MacBook Air hung up in normal operation, and I had to hard stop it. On restart, the progress bar appeared, completed about 10 % of the way, and then started over again. This time, at the 10 % mark, it simply powered itself off. I booted from the Snow Leopard CD, and ran disk utility. The drive was corrupted, and could not be repaired, so I reformatted it (which worked), and restored from a Time Machine backup (which also worked).
Unfortunately, now, the same problem has returned, and it is at the Genius Bar. The telephoned to say, that after installing a new drive, it still would not boot, and that it was 'probably' a logic board problem. We'll see.

December 17 2009 at 7:18 AM Report abuse rate up rate down Reply
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