Macmillan trying to sell readers 'hardcover' ebooks
John Siracusa drew my attention to an article by Macmillan CEO John Sargent on the agency model, availability and price, in which he says that the company actually plans to keep their hardcover/paperback separation even while selling ebooks. While new hardcover ebooks will sell for $14.99 and $12.99 ("a tremendous discount from the price of the printed hardcover books"), the company will aim to sell "ebook editions of paperback new releases" for as low as $6.99. As Siracusa goes on to say, "now let us all sit back and ponder the concept of 'paperback' and 'hardcover' ebooks."Macmillan is sticking with an old pricing scheme even in a brand new marketplace. Just what exactly makes the difference between a "hardcover ebook" and a "paperback ebook"? Read on to find out.
The first question is: "Why would someone buy a hardcover book?" I can only think of three reasons (Are there other reasons? There may be, I just can't think of any):
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You're a big fan of {insert author's name here} and want to read his/her newest book as soon as it comes out.
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You're a collector and prefer the perceived increased "value" of a hardcover.
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You like the slightly bigger print/additional whitespace that you often get with a hardcover compared to a paperback.
Second question: Which of those reasons also apply to ebooks?
Certainly #1 applies. There's no faster way to get a book than to download it (assuming both are available on the same day, something else that Macmillan says they will be doing from now on).
On the other hand, #2 certainly does not apply. There's no perceived value of a "first edition" ebook. You're not going to display it on your bookshelf and of course you can't bring it to a book signing. You also can't loan it to your friend or donate it to the library.
What about #3? I assume all ebook readers offer variable font sizing, it seems like one of the most obvious features they could offer. In fact, you can probably make the print larger than the printed hardcover. #3 seems like a reason to prefer an ebook instead of a hardcover.
Third question: When was the last time you paid "list price" for a book? Macmillan says "printed hardcover books...generally range from $28.00 to $24.00." That's what I mean by "list price." I bet very few people ever pay that price. Brick & mortar bookstores have traditionally sold them for much less. It seems like Borders/Barnes & Noble have a "25% off" sticker for every new book that comes out.
I'll tell you when the last time I paid "list price": I wanted to get a signed copy of the latest Hodgman book, and the only way to do that was to order it from Politics & Prose who were only too happy to sell me a signed copy for the full list price, plus shipping. I think I paid about $30 for a book I could have ordered from Amazon for about $12-15.
I'm going to guess you haven't paid "list price" for many books since you first found out about Amazon.com.
Macmillan seems to have done to Amazon what the music industry eventually did to Apple and the iTunes store. Apple created the iTunes store and sold songs for 99¢, doing the most to effect music sales since Napster was first released. Over 10 billion songs have been downloaded legally since (not to mention all those sold through Amazon, etc.).
The music industry absolutely loved it... and wanted to change more per song. They eventually leveraged Amazon.com's MP3 store against Apple to force Apple to allow for variable pricing. $1.29 for "popular", 99¢ for "less popular" and 69¢ for some mythical level of songs, presumably ones no one wants to buy at all, i.e. "Let the Eagle Soar" by John Ashcroft.
(Aside: Almost 5 years later "Price as Signal" by Joel Spolsky remains the smartest thing I've read about what variable pricing means to the music business and why they wanted it.)
The music industry eventually got its way. They are now selling songs for $1.29 on iTunes, and guess what?! Higher prices mean slower sales. I know! Who would have guessed?!
Amazon created the Kindle and sold books for $9.99. The book industry absolutely loved it... and wanted to charge more per book. Publishers also didn't want the Kindle to be able to read books aloud because, well, obviously that was going to hurt audiobook sales, and where's the fun in not being able to charge someone multiple times for the same content?! Do you think they've learned nothing from George Lucas? Ironically, Amazon was leveraged by the announcement of Apple's iPad (turnabout is fair play). Apple, which fought long and hard for standardized pricing for music, easily accepted variable pricing for books.
Is this really all that different than Apple releasing the iPhone for $600 and then dropping the price to $400?
Yes and no.
Obviously Apple realized that it could profit by selling iPhones for more initially and then could boost sales by dropping the price after the early adopters had spent their money. In that sense it's much like someone who is going to buy the new Christopher Moore book the day that it comes out.
One difference is that book publishers are dangling by a hairy financial thread, whereas Apple has enough money to buy Canada and turn it into Steve Jobs' summer house.
Apple was also the only company in the world selling the iPhone, and even $600 was a "competitive" price. Those who bought when it came out were able to use it on a daily basis for two months before the price dropped to $400. Those who buy an ebook when it first comes out get to read it once and then, well, keep it in case they ever decide to read it again. While book publishers are the only ones selling particular books by particular authors, there are scads of other publishers, a seemingly endless supply of writers, and this thing called "the Interwebnet" which is offering people plenty to read, for free.
When you are buying a hardcover book, you're getting something which is clearly different than a paperback. It's also easy to argue that you are getting something better than a paperback (despite the fact that some people might prefer paperbacks to hardcover). That's why a hardcover is worth more than a paperback.
Why is an ebook worth more than the same ebook, months later? It isn't.
The most logical thing for ebook users to do is put a note in their calendars to remind them to buy the book in six months instead of when it comes out. It's not as if they will have trouble finding anything to read in the meantime.
The nearest comparison that I can make is to apps that I've purchased from the App Store. I've purchased several which later dropped their price significantly, e.g. $10 to $4, $5 to $3, etc. The "actual dollar amount" may not seem like that much, but percentage-wise, it's a big cut. The effect that it has had on me is pretty simple: I now wait before buying a new app. Not only do I get to hear other people review it (since there are still no "demo" versions available) but I also get to see if the price drops. Net result? Fewer impulse buys, and almost certainly fewer purchases overall.
It seems to me that is exactly what book publishers don't want to do: give people a reason to wait longer to buy books and a reason to resist impulse purchases. I'm sure publishing executives are worried about ebook sales cannibalizing more profitable hardcover sales, but I wonder if these aren't two separate markets. People who want to buy ebooks have made a conscious decision to not purchase physical books.
Macmillan seems to want to go about business using the same rules and models that have been in place: "buy early, pay more." But part of that equation has always been "buy early, pay more, get something better." Charging more for the same ebook completely misses the third part of that equation.
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John Siracusa drew my attention to an article by Macmillan CEO John Sargent on the agency model, availability and price, in which he says...
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I've already seen books published ONLY in paperback at $6.99 sold for that same price on Amazon for Kindle. Yet that same title is being sold on iTunes for $15.99 as though it were hardcover, which it never has been! Ebook pricing is still seriously screwed up, and I don't expect it to settle down for a couple of years--book publishing is an old, hidebound business that doesn't react to change quickly.
March 03 2010 at 1:17 PM Report abuse Permalink rate up rate down ReplyThe author (Mr.? Ms?) Luoma is being somewhat disingenuous here on the difference between hardcover and mass-media paperbacks. The binding is the most important difference, because hardcover is an archival format that will last practically forever and always be readable, while cheap softcover binding is only meant to last a few reads before falling apart â which is why libraries put hardcovers in the permanent collection and softcovers on a temporary reading rack. Essentially, books have to have a hardcover edition, and if they're popular enough to warrant it later, a paperback edition.
It's hard to compare with the ebook format, since the nature of DRM negates the advantages of permanency and long-term storage a digital medium might otherwise have. There's no guarantee you'll be able to decrypt and read that book 10 or 50 years from now.
Rather than being disingenuous, I was making the exact point that a hardcover book is worth more because you are "getting something better".
Although I did not mention the specific details that you did, I thought it was abundantly clear that I considered hardcover books the superior product.
I'd argue that print books have a substantial advantage for preservation of materials over digital forms regardless of DRM. A digital book requires a great deal of support infrastructure: electricity, hardware to read whatever storage medium contains the digital file, and software to correctly decode and display the digital format. All a book needs is a literate person and a little light.
March 03 2010 at 10:33 AM Report abuse Permalink rate up rate down ReplyI'd be willing to pay close to hardcover prices for an ebook with no DRM and no restrictions, not tied to a given device or store after purchase, that I could give away or sell in the secondary market - basically all the things I can do with a hardcover if I buy it. But if publishers or booksellers think I'm going to pay hardcover prices (or more than hardcover, as I've seen recently at B&N) for the license to read a book I don't truly own, they're going to need to think again.
March 03 2010 at 12:34 AM Report abuse Permalink rate up rate down ReplyI really cannot understand the logic behind this? If they just sold the book for $9.99, they would not have to discount anything. That was the beauty of the $0.99 model that Apple created. Some songs were worth $0.99, some were not. At $1.25, I have to seriously think about whether I want that impulse purchase or not.
Last year I purchased at least 10 e-books - novels - because I knew what the price was going to be and also because it is now more convenient to read an e-book (I rarely read outside of my field until the Kindle on the iPhone arrived). Now, with Macmillan's new pricing structure, I will just wait for a few months to purchase anything since I know that they are going to drop the price by 50% or more in a few months. This is a completely mindless approach to the whole concept of books. I hate paperbacks because the writing is too small. As far as I can see the Hardcover and Paperback e-book will have everything the same, but cost less because of "time depreciation???"
The problem is that Brick & Mortar companies do not do well in the virtual environment. They bring their brick and mortar concepts to the virtual world and try to follow the same rules online as they do offline. These concepts do not work (see Walmart and Video rentals version 1, Apple succumbing to $1.29 record sales = sales slump on itunes, Blockbuster's failed effort online) but they cannot see that.
The faulty thought of Cannibalization of the Hardcover market is impossible given that the publishers are making a serious margin gain with an e-book over the hardcover version. Quite simply, there is a lack of logic and it will only take an upstart company (like LULU.com) to figure out a way around this pricing structure and leave everyone scrambling.
Just like for hard back books, when it's an author I like I am willing to pay more for an ebook in order to get immediate access to it. But it pisses me off that McMillan wants to charge me more than $9.99 for the Kindle book but they aren't willing to make a minimal effort to provide acceptable formatting that might justify the higher price. Recent example: recently I paid $15 for a much desired ebook and the multi-line chapter headings were overlaid, making them near impossible to read. Here's a concept for McMillan: charge me LESS for the quickly done, poorly formatted version of the ebook, take some time to do it right and then charge me MORE for an ebook that has the goodies that should be possible in this format. Ultimately they'd have to drop the price again as popularity waned, but there have been some ebooks where I would have happily waited and paid more for maps and figures and readable text.
March 02 2010 at 6:35 PM Report abuse Permalink rate up rate down ReplyThe authors link to Joel Spolsky made me
smile. He's a great blogger and I've learned a lot from his articles.
And man, it is a lot of frigging work leaving comments on this blog. Especially from an iPhone.
They are being sneaky. They keep trying various arguments to keep people thinking about the comparison with paper books.
There is not comparison. There is no actual item sold. Some bits on you own local storage are aligned in the same way as their master copy on their storage. It costs absolutely zero incremental dollars to sell the second and subsequent copy of an ebook.
The price should be simply what people are willing to pay. That way the publisher gets some positive number of dollars and not zero as it is now.
Think of the car salesman's trick about asking you what color you want. By assuming that you have already decided to buy, you can often be gulled into replying: "Red." By having these constant cost comparison they are assuming that any of the cost arguments matter. They don't. Not one bit!
There's a total comparison between ebooks and physical books: they are both the product of the same creative process, which starts with an author's idea, proceeds through the writing of the manuscript, and winds up with the creative input of editors, designers, and layout artists. The only real difference is the form of the final readable product. So while you're correct that there's no marginal cost to producing another digital copy of a book (or very low marginal cost - storage and bandwidth isn't free), the same *fixed* costs have to be covered, and those fixed costs represent the bulk of the unit cost of producing a book, and so have to be taken into account when determining the book's price. Pricing books simply by the criterion of "what people are willing to pay" produces no guarantee that the authors, editors, etc. will be able to cover their costs. If they can't cover their costs, people will not produce books. Why is this so difficult for people to understand?
March 03 2010 at 9:59 AM Report abuse Permalink rate up rate down ReplyI get most of my first edition hardbacks for typically 18$... if they think I am paying 15$ for the same book when there is no ink usage, paper usage, hard back boarding, stitching, threading or fabric covering, they have lost their minds.
March 02 2010 at 5:17 PM Report abuse Permalink rate up rate down ReplyI agree... I MIGHT pay $10 for my favorite authors... the profit on an ebook would have to be a lot... there is very little overhead.
March 02 2010 at 5:21 PM Report abuse Permalink rate up rate down Reply"whereas Apple has enough money to buy Canada"
You know, that's almost offensive to those of us living in Canada. At any rate, it's a poor comparison the two are not even close. Canada's net worth is substantially more than Apple's (even taking the paltry difference between the US and Canadian dollar into account).
Apparently attempts at HUMOR need to be in purple text or something so you morons can tell it's HUMOR. Anyone who was offended by the HUMOR needs to grow up.
March 02 2010 at 5:19 PM Report abuse Permalink rate up rate down ReplyI do this with "real" books all of the time. There are books that, for various reasons, I want to pay a premium to read shortly after release. It may be that I am a big fan of the author; it may be that it is part of a series that I have been reading, and I want the newest one as soon as it is out. It may be that I have read a review of the book pre-release or shortly after release, and, for whatever reason, it interests me.
This is the only reason I buy a hardcover book. Otherwise, I prefer it in softcover. When I get some sort of device that allows reading of ebooks, it will be the same reason why I will consider paying a premium to read a book right away rather than wait for it later on.
As for what JD said above, I believe that publishers have been struggling to get profits from "real" books for years, so of course they will want to try to get higher profits, if they can.
In short, publishers will price books where the market says they should; where they maximize profit for their business. If they price too high, not enough people will buy; too low, and they will lose potential profit. If they predict enough people are willing to pay $15 at the date of release to make the most profit, *that* is how they will price the book.
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